在现代Web开发中，构建一个可靠的、可扩展的Web应用程序需要综合利用多种技术栈。本文将通过实际案例，详细讲解如何从零开始部署一个以Spring Boot为核心的Web应用程序，包括后端、数据库、缓存、中间件和前端的全栈配置。我们将利用Ansible来实现自动化部署，以简化繁琐的配置流程。

场景概述

该应用由以下组件组成：

• Spring Boot：核心后端服务，打包为一个可运行的JAR文件。
• MySQL：提供关系型数据库支持。
• Redis：作为缓存服务，加速数据访问。
• Vue.js：构建用户交互的前端界面。
• Nginx：反向代理和静态文件服务。

我们将假设目标服务器运行CentOS7，Ubuntu 20.04或类似的Linux发行版，并通过Ansible进行远程配置。

部署步骤

1. 准备服务器环境

首先，确保目标服务器已经安装了以下基本工具：

• OpenSSH：用于Ansible的远程连接。
• Python：Ansible需要Python支持。

在控制节点安装Ansible：

# CentOS 7 系统
yum install ansible -y

# Ubuntu 系统
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y ansible

验证Ansible安装是否成功：

ansible --version

2. 规划目录结构

为了让项目部署更加清晰，我们规划以下目录结构：

├── ansible
│   ├── playbooks
│   │   ├── deploy.yml  # 主Playbook文件
│   ├── inventory      # 主机清单
│   ├── files          # 上传的静态文件和配置
│   │   ├── springboot-app.jar
│   │   ├── nginx.conf
│   │   └── vue-dist/

将必要的文件上传到files目录中，包括Spring Boot的JAR包、Nginx配置文件，以及Vue的打包结果（通常是dist目录）。

3. 编写Playbook

接下来，我们将逐步编写Playbook，分步完成部署。

3.1 安装必需的服务

安装Java环境、MySQL、Redis和Nginx：

- name: Install Required Services
  hosts: all
  become: true
  tasks:
    - name:  Install Java, MySQL, Redis, and Nginx (Ubuntu)
      apt:
        name:
          - openjdk-11-jdk
          - mysql-server
          - redis-server
          - nginx
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when: ansible_os_family == 'Debian'  # Ubuntu系统
    - name: Install Java, MySQL, Redis, and Nginx (CentOS)
        yum:
        name:
          - openjdk-11-jdk
          - mysql-server
          - redis-server
          - nginx
        state: present
      when: ansible_os_family == 'RedHat'  # CentOS系统

3.2 配置MySQL数据库

配置数据库和用户：

- name: Configure MySQL Database
      mysql_db:
        name: springboot_db
        state: present
        login_user: root
        login_password: "your_mysql_root_password"

    - name: Create MySQL User
      mysql_user:
        name: springboot_user
        password: springboot_password
        priv: 'springboot_db.*:ALL'
        state: present
        login_user: root
        login_password: "your_mysql_root_password"

3.3 配置Redis

确保Redis服务正在运行：

- name: Ensure Redis is Running (Ubuntu)
  service:
    name: redis-server
    state: started
    enabled: true
  when: ansible_os_family == 'Debian'  # Ubuntu系统

- name: Ensure Redis is Running (CentOS)
  service:
    name: redis
    state: started
    enabled: true
  when: ansible_os_family == 'RedHat'  # CentOS系统

3.4 部署Spring Boot应用

现在我们可以上传Spring Boot应用的JAR包并配置systemd服务，使其能够自动启动。

- name: Upload Spring Boot Application
  copy:
    src: files/springboot-app.jar
    dest: /opt/springboot-app/springboot-app.jar
    owner: root
    group: root
    mode: '0755'

- name: Configure Spring Boot SystemD Service
  copy:
    dest: /etc/systemd/system/springboot-app.service
    content: |
      [Unit]
      Description=Spring Boot Application
      After=network.target

      [Service]
      User=root
      ExecStart=/usr/bin/java -jar /opt/springboot-app/springboot-app.jar
      Restart=always

      [Install]
      WantedBy=multi-user.target

- name: Reload SystemD and Start Spring Boot Service
  command: systemctl daemon-reload

- name: Ensure Spring Boot Service is Running
  service:
    name: springboot-app
    state: started
    enabled: true

3.5 配置Nginx

我们将配置Nginx作为反向代理，并将前端Vue应用的静态文件服务到指定目录。

- name: Upload Vue Static Files
      copy:
        src: files/vue-dist/
        dest: /var/www/html/vue-app/
        owner: www-data
        group: www-data
        mode: '0755'

    - name: Configure Nginx
      copy:
        src: files/nginx.conf
        dest: /etc/nginx/sites-available/springboot-app

    - name: Enable Nginx Configuration
      file:
        src: /etc/nginx/sites-available/springboot-app
        dest: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/springboot-app
        state: link

    - name: Remove Default Nginx Configuration
      file:
        path: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
        state: absent

    - name: Restart Nginx
      service:
        name: nginx
        state: restarted

3.6 完整Playbook

将所有任务整合到一个完整的Playbook中，最终形成deploy.yml，代码如下：

---
- name: Deploy Spring Boot Web Application
  hosts: all
  become: true
  vars:
    mysql_root_password: "{{ mysql_root_password }}"  # MySQL root 密码
    mysql_database: springboot_db                      # 数据库名称
    mysql_user: springboot_user                        # 数据库用户
    mysql_password: "{{ mysql_password }}"            # 数据库用户密码
  tasks:
    # 安装服务（Java, MySQL, Redis, Nginx）
    - name: Install Java, MySQL, Redis, and Nginx (Ubuntu)
      apt:
        name:
          - openjdk-11-jdk
          - mysql-server
          - redis-server
          - nginx
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when: ansible_os_family == 'Debian'  # Ubuntu系统

    - name: Install Java, MySQL, Redis, and Nginx (CentOS)
      yum:
        name:
          - java-11-openjdk
          - mysql-server
          - redis
          - nginx
        state: present
      when: ansible_os_family == 'RedHat'  # CentOS系统

    # 配置MySQL数据库
    - name: Configure MySQL Database
      mysql_db:
        name: "{{ mysql_database }}"
        state: present
        login_user: root
        login_password: "{{ mysql_root_password }}"

    - name: Create MySQL User
      mysql_user:
        name: "{{ mysql_user }}"
        password: "{{ mysql_password }}"
        priv: "{{ mysql_database }}.*:ALL"
        state: present
        login_user: root
        login_password: "{{ mysql_root_password }}"

    # 确保Redis服务正在运行
    - name: Ensure Redis is Running (Ubuntu)
      service:
        name: redis-server
        state: started
        enabled: true
      when: ansible_os_family == 'Debian'  # Ubuntu系统

    - name: Ensure Redis is Running (CentOS)
      service:
        name: redis
        state: started
        enabled: true
      when: ansible_os_family == 'RedHat'  # CentOS系统

    # 上传Spring Boot应用JAR文件
    - name: Upload Spring Boot Application
      copy:
        src: files/springboot-app.jar
        dest: /opt/springboot-app/springboot-app.jar
        owner: root
        group: root
        mode: '0755'

    # 配置Spring Boot SystemD服务
    - name: Configure Spring Boot SystemD Service
      copy:
        dest: /etc/systemd/system/springboot-app.service
        content: |
          [Unit]
          Description=Spring Boot Application
          After=network.target

          [Service]
          User=root
          ExecStart=/usr/bin/java -jar /opt/springboot-app/springboot-app.jar
          Restart=always

          [Install]
          WantedBy=multi-user.target

    - name: Reload SystemD and Start Spring Boot Service
      command: systemctl daemon-reload

    - name: Ensure Spring Boot Service is Running
      service:
        name: springboot-app
        state: started
        enabled: true

    # 上传Vue前端静态文件
    - name: Upload Vue Static Files
      copy:
        src: files/vue-dist/
        dest: /var/www/html/vue-app/
        owner: www-data
        group: www-data
        mode: '0755'

    # 配置Nginx
    - name: Configure Nginx
      copy:
        src: files/nginx.conf
        dest: /etc/nginx/sites-available/springboot-app

    - name: Enable Nginx Configuration
      file:
        src: /etc/nginx/sites-available/springboot-app
        dest: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/springboot-app
        state: link

    - name: Remove Default Nginx Configuration
      file:
        path: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
        state: absent

    - name: Restart Nginx
      service:
        name: nginx
        state: restarted

通过以上步骤，您可以在CentOS和Ubuntu系统上自动化部署一个完整的Spring Boot Web应用，包括后端（Spring Boot）、数据库（MySQL）、缓存（Redis）、前端（Vue.js）以及反向代理（Nginx）。通过Ansible的自动化部署，不仅提高了部署效率，还使得运维工作更加便捷、可重复。如果您有任何问题或改进建议，欢迎留言讨论。