前言

这几天因为看OpenStack教程，开始部署MariaDB，以前都是弄MySQL，已经习惯了，想着沿用以前的MySQL文档就好了
本来以为MariaDB和MySQL应该是完全一样的，结果一部署发现各种差异
最要命的是，两台相同系统的机器，一台部署一切顺利、另外一台怎么都装不上，报依赖错误
紧接着找初始化密码又找不到，初始化向导也找不到，MariaDB默认还不启动，需要手工启动，各种头大
好吧，我服了！重新装系统，一步步找原因，搭环境、写文档、编脚本……

MariaDB 安装前置准备

#    检查是否存在MariaDB
sudo rpm -qa | grep mariadb MariaDB
#    删除现存MariaDB
sudo yum -y remove mariadb* MariaDB*
#    检查是否存在MySQL
sudo rpm -qa | grep mysql
#    删除现存MySQL
sudo yum -y remove mysql*
#    删除旧配置文件
sudo rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
#    删除MySQL相关文件
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql 

安装 基本 依赖环境

#    安装 LSB
sudo yum install -y redhat-lsb
#    安装 YUM Utils
yum install -y yum-utils
#    安装 EPEL （不安装会产生依赖错误）
sudo yum install -y epel*
#    整合命令
sudo yum install -y redhat-lsb && sudo yum install -y yum-utils && sudo yum install -y epel*

未安装 EPEL 报错

安装 MariaDB 公钥

#    安装 MariaDB 公钥
rpm --import https://mirror.mariadb.org/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB

添加 MariaDB 安装源

#    手工创建 MariaDB.repo 文件
nano /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
#    {
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = https://mirror.mariadb.org/yum/10.11.5/centos7-amd64/
gpgkey = https://mirror.mariadb.org/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
#    }

#    自动创建 MariaDB.repo 文件
sudo cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = https://mirror.mariadb.org/yum/10.11.5/centos7-amd64/
gpgkey = https://mirror.mariadb.org/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
EOF

#    更新 YUM 源 缓存
sudo yum clean all && sudo yum makecache

安装 MariaDB 必要组件

#    安装 MariaDB
sudo yum install -y MariaDB-server \
                        MariaDB-client \
                        python2-PyMySQL

启动 MariaDB

#    启动 MariaDB 服务
sudo systemctl start mariadb.service
#    设置 MariaDB 为开机自启动
sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service
#    检查 MariaDB 服务运行状态
sudo systemctl status mariadb.service
#    查看端口运行情况 （未安装Net-Tools无法使用）
netstat -nlpt
#    查看 MariaDB 版本信息
sudo mariadb -V
#    停止 MariaDB
sudo systemctl stop mariadb.service
#    重启 MariaDB
sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service

MariaDB 运行状态

MariaDB 端口占用

MariaDB 版本信息

MariaDB初始化设置

使用 MariaDB Shell 进行初始化

#    默认密码
 MariaDB 没有默认密码，初始化密码为空
#    设置初始化密码 （密码为P@ssw0rd）
mysqladmin -u root password "P@ssw0rd"
#    登录MySQL Shell
mariadb -uroot -p
mysql -uroot -p
#    修改MySQL密码 （密码为P@ssw0rd）
ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'P@ssw0rd';
#    检查系统用户访问权限
use mysql;
select user,host,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;
select user,host,plugin from mysql.user;
#    开启 root 远程登录权限，并刷新
update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;
#    退出MySQL Shell
exit

使用 MariaDB 初始化向导 进行初始化

#    数据库初始化向导 （新版本初始化向导名称已改）
sudo mariadb-secure-installation
#    确保MySQL服务器部署的安全。输入用户root的密码：（初始状态为空）
Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
#    是否切换unix_socket身份验证 N
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] 

#    是否更改 root 密码 Y
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] 
#    输入新密码
New password: 
#    重复输入新密码
Re-enter new password:
#    是否删除匿名用户 Y
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
#     是否禁止root用户远程登录 N
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] 
#     是否删除test数据库 Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
#    是否重新加载权限表 Y
Reload privilege tables now? 

MariaDB 初始化向导 文字内容

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] Y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

MariaDB 初始化向导 完整截图

测试 MariaDB

#    进入 MariaDB Shell
sudo mariadb -uroot -pP@ssw0rd
#    测试 MariaDB，刷新权限
flush privileges;
#    测试 MariaDB，列出数据库
show databases;
#    测试 MariaDB，查看用户
select user,host from mysql.user;
#    退出 MariaDB Shell
exit

↓ 没有任何技术含量 ↓

自动化安装脚本

#
# author: SRover Lee
# date: 2023/10/12
# Language: Shell Script
# description: 
#               基于CentOS 7.9 定制简易化 MariaDB 安装脚本
#               1. 卸载所有MariaDB MySQL 安装版本残留
#               2. 安装 基本 依赖环境
#               3. 添加秘钥
#               4. 添加 官网 源
#               5. 重建源缓存 
#               6. 安装 MariaDB 必要组件
#               7. 启动 MariaDB 服务
#               8. 设置 MariaDB 为开机自启动
#               9. 检查 MariaDB 服务运行状态
#              10. 查看端口运行情况
#              11. 显示 MariaDB 版本信息
#               
# 

echo ------------------- 卸载所有 MariaDB MySQL 安装版本残留 ------------------

#    检查是否存在MariaDB
sudo rpm -qa | grep mariadb MariaDB
#    删除现存MariaDB
sudo yum -y remove mariadb* MariaDB*
#    检查是否存在MySQL
sudo rpm -qa | grep mysql
#    删除现存MySQL
sudo yum -y remove mysql*
#    删除旧配置文件
sudo rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
#    删除MySQL相关文件
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql 

echo ------------------- 安装 基本 依赖环境 ---------------------------------

sudo yum install -y redhat-lsb && sudo yum install -y yum-utils && sudo yum install -y epel*

echo ------------------- 安装 MariaDB 公钥 ------------------------------

#    安装 MariaDB 公钥
rpm --import https://mirror.mariadb.org/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB

echo ------------------- 添加 MariaDB 官网源 -----------------------------

sudo cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = https://mirror.mariadb.org/yum/10.11.5/centos7-amd64/
gpgkey = https://mirror.mariadb.org/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
EOF


echo ------------------- 重建源缓存 --------------------------------------

sudo yum clean all && sudo yum makecache

echo ------------------- 安装 MariaDB 必要组件 ----------------------------

sudo yum install -y MariaDB-server \
                        MariaDB-client \
                        python2-PyMySQL

echo ------------------- 启动 MariaDB 服务 ------------------------------

#    启动 MariaDB
systemctl start mariadb.service

echo ------------------- 设置 MariaDB 为开机自启动 --------------------------

#    设置 MariaDB 为开机自启动
sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service

echo ------------------- 检查 MariaDB 服务运行状态 --------------------------

#    检查 MariaDB 服务运行状态
sudo systemctl status mariadb.service

echo ------------------- 查看端口运行情况 -----------------------------------

#    查看端口运行情况
netstat -nlpt

echo ----------------------------------------------------------------
#   显示提示信息
echo 
echo 
echo 
echo 
echo 已经完成 MariaDB 基础安装
echo 当前 MariaDB 环境 版本如下：
sudo mariadb -V